to follow hard on the heels of sb

hard [hɑ:d]

dur ⇒ 1 (a)-(c), 2 (a) difficile ⇒ 1 (b) froid ⇒ 1 (c) rude ⇒ 1 (c) concret ⇒ 1 (d) fort ⇒ 2 (a) difficilement ⇒ 2 (b) durement ⇒ 2 (c)

1 adjective

(a) (not soft → substance, light, colour) dur;

∎ to get or to become hard durcir;

∎ rock hard, (as) hard as rock dur comme la pierre;

∎ his muscles are rock hard or (as) hard as rock ses muscles sont durs comme le fer, il a des muscles d'acier;

∎ she is (as) hard as nails (emotionally) elle est dure, elle n'a pas de cœur; (physically) c'est une dure à cuire

(b) (difficult → question, problem etc) difficile, dur;

∎ the laws make it hard to leave the country à cause des lois, il est difficile de quitter le pays;

∎ to have a hard fight or struggle on one's hands avoir une lourde tâche devant soi;

∎ it's hard to explain c'est difficile ou dur à expliquer;

∎ I find it hard to understand/believe that... je n'arrive pas à comprendre pourquoi/croire que...;

∎ it's hard to say c'est difficile à dire;

∎ he's hard to get on with il n'est pas facile à vivre;

∎ she is hard to please (never satisfied) elle est difficile; (difficult to buy gifts for etc) c'est difficile de lui faire plaisir;

∎ it's hard to beat on trouve difficilement mieux;

∎ it's hard to beat a good Bordeaux il n'y a rien de meilleur qu'un bon bordeaux;

∎ the hardest part of the job is done le plus dur est fait;

∎ life is hard c'est dur, la vie;

∎ times are hard les temps sont durs ou difficiles;

∎ these are hard times for all of us c'est une période difficile pour tout le monde;

∎ to fall on hard times (financially) connaître des temps difficiles ou une période de vaches maigres; (have difficult times) connaître des temps difficiles, en voir de dures;

∎ to give sb a hard time en faire voir de dures à qn;

∎ the boss has just been giving me a hard time le patron vient de me faire passer un mauvais quart d'heure;

∎ come on, don't give me a hard time! allez, laisse-moi tranquille!;

∎ you'll have a hard time (of it) persuading him to do that tu vas avoir du mal à le convaincre de faire cela;

∎ she had a hard time of it after her mother's death elle a traversé une période difficile après la mort de sa mère;

∎ she had a hard time of it when she was a child la vie n'était pas drôle pour elle quand elle était enfant;

∎ she had a hard time of it (in childbirth, operation) elle a souffert;

∎ to learn sth the hard way (involving personal loss, suffering etc) apprendre qch à ses dépens; (in a difficult way) faire le rude apprentissage de qch;

∎ I learnt the hard way not to be underinsured j'ai appris à mes dépens qu'il ne faut pas être sous-assuré;

∎ I learnt skiing the hard way j'ai appris à skier à la dure;

∎ I learnt my seamanship the hard way j'ai fait le rude apprentissage du métier de marin;

∎ to do things the hard way (through choice) se compliquer la vie; (due to circumstances) en baver;

∎ some people always have to do things the hard way il y a des gens qui choisissent toujours la difficulté;

∎ to play hard to get (flirt) jouer les insaisissables;

∎ humorous their financial expert is playing hard to get leur expert financier semble jouer à cache-cache;

∎ the hard of hearing les malentendants mpl;

∎ to be hard of hearing être dur d'oreille;

∎ a glass of wine, or would you prefer a drop of the hard stuff? un verre de vin, ou bien préféreriez-vous une goutte de quelque chose de plus fort?;

∎ keep off the hard stuff évitez les boissons fortes

(c) (severe → voice, face, eyes) dur, froid; (→ climate, winter) rigoureux, rude; (→ frost) fort, rude;

∎ he's hard (tough) c'est un dur;

∎ to be hard on sb être dur avec qn;

∎ children are hard on their shoes les enfants font subir de mauvais traitements à leurs chaussures;

∎ it's hard on the nerves c'est dur pour les nerfs;

∎ it was hard on the others ça a été dur pour les autres;

∎ it's hardest on the children le plus dur, c'est pour les enfants;

∎ to be a hard taskmaster être dur à la tâche;

∎ to take a long hard look at sth examiner qch de près;

∎ you should take a long hard look at yourself tu devrais bien te regarder;

∎ it's a hard blow for him c'est un coup terrible pour lui;

∎ no hard feelings? tu ne m'en veux pas?;

∎ familiar hard luck!, British hard cheese!, hard lines! pas de chance!^□, pas de veine!, pas de bol!;

∎ it will be hard luck if he doesn't get the job ça ne sera pas de veine ou de bol s'il n'obtient pas le travail;

∎ don't give me any of your hard luck stories ne me raconte pas tes malheurs;

∎ he gave me some hard luck story about having lost his investments il a essayé de m'apitoyer en me racontant qu'il avait perdu l'argent qu'il avait investi;

∎ familiar a hard nut or man un dur

(d) (concrete → facts) concret(ète), tangible; (→ evidence) tangible;

∎ the hard fact is that there isn't enough money la vérité, c'est qu'il n'y a pas assez d'argent;

∎ the argument was not backed up by any hard fact l'argument ne s'appuyait sur rien de concret

(e) (strenuous)

∎ it's been a long hard day la journée a été longue;

∎ it's hard work c'est dur;

∎ it was hard work to convince him j'ai eu fort à faire pour le convaincre;

∎ she's hard work (difficult to get on with) elle n'est pas facile à vivre; (difficult to make conversation with) elle n'est pas causante;

∎ she's not afraid of hard work le travail ne lui fait pas peur;

∎ the climb was hard going la montée était rude;

∎ it's hard going making conversation with him c'est difficile de discuter avec lui

(f) (intense)

∎ she's a hard worker c'est un bourreau de travail;

∎ he's a hard drinker c'est un gros buveur, il boit beaucoup;

∎ he's a hard charger c'est un fonceur;

∎ give it a good hard shove pousse-le un bon coup, pousse-le fort

(g) Finance (stock, rates) soutenu, ferme

(h) Linguistics (consonant) dur

2 adverb

(a) (strenuously → pull, push, hit, breathe) fort; (→ work) dur; (→ run) à toutes jambes; (→ listen) attentivement;

∎ to work hard at sth beaucoup travailler qch;

∎ to work hard at improving one's service/French beaucoup travailler pour améliorer son service/français;

∎ to work sb hard faire travailler qn dur;

∎ he works hard and plays hard il se dépense beaucoup dans son travail et dans ses loisirs;

∎ you'll have to try harder il faudra que tu fasses plus d'efforts;

∎ to try hard to do sth essayer de son mieux de faire qch;

∎ try hard! fais de ton mieux!;

∎ to think hard beaucoup réfléchir;

∎ think hard! réfléchis bien!;

∎ think harder! réfléchis un peu plus!;

∎ we can't find it - well, look harder! nous ne le trouvons pas - et bien cherchez mieux!;

∎ you didn't look very hard! tu n'as pas bien cherché;

∎ to look hard at sb regarder qn bien en face;

∎ to look hard at sth examiner qch;

∎ as hard as possible, as hard as one can (work, try) le plus qu'on peut; (push, hit, squeeze) de toutes ses forces;

∎ Nautical hard astern! arrière, toute!;

∎ Cars she hauled the wheel hard over elle a braqué à fond;

∎ Cars to turn hard to the left braquer à gauche, faire un virage très sec vers la gauche;

∎ to swim hard for the shore nager de toutes ses forces vers le rivage;

∎ British they're hard at it (working) ils sont plongés dans leur travail

(b) (with difficulty) difficilement;

∎ to be hard put or pushed or pressed to do sth avoir du mal à faire qch;

∎ you'll be hard put to find a shop open at this time tu vas avoir du mal à trouver une boutique ouverte à cette heure-ci;

∎ old habits die hard les vieilles habitudes ont la vie dure

(c) (harshly, severely → treat someone) durement, sévèrement; (→ rain) à verse; (→ freeze, snow) fort;

∎ he's feeling hard done by il a l'impression d'avoir été injustement traité;

∎ to be hard hit by sth être durement touché par qch;

∎ she took the news/his death pretty hard la nouvelle/sa mort l'a beaucoup éprouvée;

∎ old-fashioned it'll go hard with him if he keeps telling lies ça va aller mal pour lui s'il continue à raconter des mensonges

(d) (solid)

∎ the ground was frozen hard le gel avait complètement durci la terre;

∎ to set hard (concrete, mortar) prendre

(e) (close)

∎ to follow hard on the heels of sb être sur les talons de qn;

∎ to follow or to come hard on the heels of sth suivre qch de très près

(f) familiar (idiom)

∎ hard up (short of money) fauché, à sec;

∎ to be hard up for ideas manquer d'idées^□, être à court d'idées^□ ;

∎ to be hard up for volunteers manquer de volontaires^□ ;

∎ figurative you must be hard up if you're going out with him! il faut vraiment que tu n'aies rien à te mettre sous la dent pour sortir avec lui!

3 noun

∎ to try one's hardest faire de son mieux

4 hard by preposition

old-fashioned tout près de

►► Typography & Computing hard carriage return retour m chariot obligatoire;

familiar hard case (person) dur(e) m,f à cuire;

hard cash (argent m) liquide m;

American hard cider cidre m;

hard coal anthracite m;

Finance hard commodities minerais mpl;

Linguistics hard consonant consonne f dure;

Computing hard copy copie f sur papier, sortie f papier;

hard core (nucleus) noyau m dur; Building industry empierrement m; Music hard rock m inv, hard m inv; (pornography) porno m hard;

British Sport hard court (for tennis) court m en ciment;

hard currency monnaie f ou devise f forte;

∎ a hard currency shop un magasin où on paye en devises;

Computing hard disk disque m dur;

Computing hard disk drive, hard drive unité f de disque dur;

hard drug drogue f dure;

Horseriding hard gallop galop m soutenu;

hard hat (of construction worker) casque m; American familiar (construction worker) ouvrier(ère) m,f du bâtiment;

hard hat area = zone où le port du casque est obligatoire;

∎ hard hat area (sign) port du casque obligatoire;

Typography & Computing hard hyphen césure f imposée, trait m d'union imposé;

hard labour (UNCOUNT) travaux mpl forcés;

hard landing (by spacecraft) atterrissage m avec impact; figurative (during economic crisis) atterrissage m brutal;

Metallurgy hard lead plomb m aigre;

Politics the hard left l'extrême gauche;

hard line ligne f de conduite dure;

∎ to take a hard line on sb/sth adopter une ligne de conduite dure avec qn/sur qch;

hard liquor spiritueux mpl;

Finance hard loan prêt m aux conditions du marché;

Press hard news nouvelles fpl sûres ou vérifiées;

Veterinary medicine hard pad coussinet m dur;

Typography & Computing hard page break fin f de page obligatoire;

Anatomy hard palate voûte f du palais, palais m dur;

hard porn porno m hard, hard m inv;

Computing hard reset réinitialisation f totale de la machine;

Typography & Computing hard return saut m de ligne manuel;

Politics the hard right l'extrême droit;

Music hard rock hard rock m inv, hard m inv; esp American Cookery hard sauce = sauce au beurre, au sucre et au brandy ou au rhum servie avec le pudding;

hard science science f dure;

hard sell vente f agressive;

∎ to give sth the hard sell promouvoir qch de façon agressive;

∎ the salesman gave us the hard sell le vendeur a essayé de nous forcer la main;

hard sell approach, hard sell tactics méthode f de vente agressive;

Cars hard shoulder bande f d'arrêt d'urgence;

hard space espace m insécable;

hard water eau f calcaire ou dure

✾ Book 'Hard Times' Dickens 'Les Temps difficiles'

follow ['fɒləʊ]

1 transitive verb

(a) (come after) suivre; (in procession) aller ou venir à la suite de, suivre;

∎ follow me suivez-moi;

∎ he left, followed by his brother il est parti, suivi de son frère;

∎ the dog follows her (about or around) everywhere le chien la suit partout ou est toujours sur ses talons;

∎ to follow sb in/out entrer/sortir à la suite de qn;

∎ he followed me into the house il m'a suivi dans la maison;

∎ his eyes followed her everywhere il la suivait partout du regard ou des yeux;

∎ she always follows the crowd elle suit toujours la foule ou le mouvement;

∎ his talk will be followed by a discussion son exposé sera suivi d'une discussion;

∎ she followed this remark with a rather feeble joke elle agrémenta cette remarque d'une plaisanterie un peu facile;

∎ in the days that followed the accident dans les jours qui suivirent l'accident;

∎ as sure as day follows night aussi sûr que deux et deux font quatre;

∎ he followed his father into politics il est entré en politique sur les traces de son père;

∎ George IV was followed by William IV Guillaume IV a succédé à George IV;

∎ familiar she'll be a hard act to follow il sera difficile de lui succéder^□ ;

∎ to follow suit (in cards) fournir;

∎ figurative she sat down and I followed suit elle s'est assise, et j'en ai fait autant ou j'ai fait de même;

∎ just follow your nose (walk) continuez tout droit; (act) suivez votre instinct

(b) (pursue) suivre, poursuivre; (suspect) filer;

∎ he followed them to Rome il les a suivis ou il a suivi leurs traces jusqu'à Rome;

∎ she had her husband followed elle a fait filer son mari;

∎ follow that car! suivez cette voiture!;

∎ I'm being followed on me suit;

∎ we're continuing to follow this line of enquiry nous continuons l'enquête dans la même direction

(c) (go along) suivre, longer;

∎ follow the path suivez le chemin;

∎ follow the arrows suivez les flèches;

∎ the border follows the river la frontière suit ou longe le fleuve;

∎ the streets follow an irregular pattern les rues suivent un schéma irrégulier

(d) (conform to → diet, instructions, rules) suivre; (→ orders) exécuter; (→ fashion) suivre, se conformer à; (→ someone's advice, example) suivre

(e) (understand) suivre, comprendre;

∎ do you follow me? vous me suivez?;

∎ I don't quite follow you je ne vous suis pas vraiment;

∎ I didn't follow why they killed him je n'ai pas compris pourquoi ils l'ont tué

(f) (watch) suivre ou regarder attentivement; (listen to) suivre ou écouter attentivement;

∎ Music to follow a score suivre une partition

(g) (take an interest in) suivre, se tenir au courant de;

∎ she followed the murder case in the papers elle a suivi l'affaire de meurtre dans les journaux;

∎ have you been following that nature series on TV? avez-vous suivi ces émissions sur la nature à la télé?

(h) (accept → ideas) suivre; (→ leader) appuyer, être partisan de; (→ cause, party) être partisan de, être pour;

∎ to follow a football team être supporter d'une équipe de foot

(i) (practise → profession) exercer, suivre; (→ career) poursuivre; (→ religion) pratiquer; (→ method) employer, suivre

2 intransitive verb

(a) (come after) suivre; (in mountaineering) grimper en second;

∎ my husband is following later mon mari viendra plus tard;

∎ in the years that followed dans les années qui suivirent;

∎ he answered as follows il a répondu comme suit;

∎ my theory is as follows ma théorie est la suivante;

∎ a long silence followed un long silence s'ensuivit;

∎ his sister followed hard on his heels sa sœur le suivait de près ou était sur ses talons;

∎ revolution followed hard on the heels of the elections la révolution suivit de très près ou immédiatement les élections;

∎ also figurative to follow in sb's footsteps suivre les traces de qn;

∎ following in her father's footsteps, she became a writer elle a suivi les traces de son père et est devenue écrivain;

∎ roast beef with strawberries to follow du rosbif suivi par des fraises

(b) (ensue) s'ensuivre, résulter;

∎ it doesn't necessarily follow that he'll die cela ne veut pas forcément dire qu'il va mourir;

∎ from what he says, it follows that he'll be standing for Parliament de ce qu'il a dit, il ressort qu'il sera candidat au Parlement;

∎ it follows from this that… il en résulte que…;

∎ that doesn't follow ce n'est pas forcément ou nécessairement vrai;

∎ a disturbing conclusion follows from this une conclusion inquiétante en découle

(c) (understand) suivre, comprendre

(d) (imitate) suivre, faire de même;

∎ Paris sets the trend and the world follows Paris donne le ton et le reste du monde suit

➲ follow on intransitive verb

(a) (come after) suivre;

∎ you go ahead, we'll follow on partez en avant, nous vous suivons;

∎ she said she would follow on later elle a dit qu'elle nous rejoindrait plus tard

(b) (result)

∎ it follows on from this that… il en résulte que…

(c) (in cricket) = reprendre la garde du guichet au début de la seconde partie faute d'avoir marqué le nombre de points requis

➲ follow through

1 separable transitive verb

(idea, plan) poursuivre jusqu'au bout ou jusqu'à sa conclusion;

∎ he didn't follow our proposal through il n'a pas donné suite à notre proposition

2 intransitive verb

Sport accompagner son coup ou sa balle; (in billiards) faire ou jouer un coulé

➲ follow up

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (pursue → advantage, success) exploiter, tirer parti de; (→ offer) donner suite à; (tip-off) suivre;

∎ to follow up a clue suivre une piste

(b) (maintain contact) suivre; (of doctor) suivre, surveiller

(c) (continue, supplement) faire suivre, compléter;

∎ follow up your initial phone call with a letter confirmez votre coup de téléphone par écrit;

∎ I followed up your suggestion for a research project j'ai repris votre suggestion pour un projet de recherche

2 intransitive verb

exploiter un avantage, tirer parti d'un avantage;

∎ he followed up with a right to the jaw il a continué avec un droit à la mâchoire

follow [ˈfɒləʊ]

1. transitive verb

• he followed me into the room il m'a suivi dans la pièce

• we're being followed on nous suit

• they followed the guide ils ont suivi le guide

• he'll be a difficult man to follow il sera difficile de lui succéder

• to have sb followed faire suivre qn

• a bodyguard followed the president everywhere un garde du corps accompagnait le président partout

• he arrived first, followed by the ambassador il est arrivé le premier, suivi de l'ambassadeur

• he followed his father into the business il a pris la succession de son père

• to follow sb's advice suivre les conseils de qn

• do you follow football? vous suivez le football ?

• which team do you follow? tu es supporter de quelle équipe ?

• do you follow me? ( = understand) vous me suivez ?

► to follow suit en faire autant

2. intransitive verb

   a. suivre

• to follow hard on sb's heels être sur les talons de qn

• to follow in sb's footsteps suivre les traces de qn

• we had ice cream to follow ensuite nous avons pris de la glace

• his argument was as follows son raisonnement était le suivant

   b. ( = result) it follows that... il s'ensuit que...

• it follows from this that... il s'ensuit que...

• that doesn't follow pas forcément

3. compounds

► follow-my-leader noun (British) ≈ pigeon vole m

► follow-through noun (to a project, survey) suite f

► follow-up noun (on file, case) suivi m (on, of de)

• this course is a follow-up to the beginners' course ce cours fait suite au cours pour débutants ► follow-up interview noun entretien m complémentaire

► follow about, follow around separable transitive verb

► follow on intransitive verb

( = come after) suivre

► follow out separable transitive verb

[+ order] exécuter ; [+ instructions] suivre

► follow through

1. intransitive verb

(Golf, tennis) accompagner sa balle

2. separable transitive verb

[+ idea, plan] poursuivre jusqu'au bout

► follow up separable transitive verb

   a. ( = benefit from) [+ success, victory] exploiter ; [+ offer] donner suite à

   b. ( = not lose track of) suivre

• we must follow this business up il faudra suivre cette affaire

• this is a case to follow up c'est une affaire à suivre

   c. ( = reinforce) [+ victory] asseoir ; [+ remark] compléter ( with par)

• they followed up their insults with threats ils ont fait suivre leurs insultes de menaces

* * *

transitive verb

1) ( move after) suivre [person, car] ( into dans)

2) ( come after in time) suivre [event, item on list]; succéder à [leader]

3) ( be guided by) suivre [clue, path, fashion, instinct, instructions]

4) ( adhere to) suivre [teachings, example]; pratiquer [religion]; adhérer à [faith, ideas]; être le disciple de [person, leader]

5) ( watch closely) suivre [stock market, serial, trial]

6) ( understand) suivre [explanation, reasoning, plot]

7) ( practise) exercer [trade, profession]; poursuivre [career]; avoir [way of life]

1) ( move after) suivre

2) ( come after in time) suivre

3) ( be logical consequence) s'ensuivre

4) ( understand) suivre

•

- follow about

- follow out

- follow through

- follow up

A a.

1 duro; solido; sodo: as hard as steel, duro come l'acciaio; a hard bench, una panca dura; hard soil, terreno duro (o solido)

2 arduo; difficile; ostico; duro (lett.): hard questions [words], domande [parole] difficili; DIALOGO → - After an exam- There were a couple of really hard questions, c'erano un paio di domande veramente difficili; a hard task, un compito arduo; un duro compito; a hard case, un caso difficile ( da trattare); to find it hard to do st., fare qc. con grande difficoltà

3 duro; gravoso; faticoso: a hard job, un lavoro faticoso; years of hard work, anni di duro lavoro

4 forte; energico; violento: a hard push, una forte spinta; un violento spintone

5 forte; grande; accanito, ostinato, tenace: a hard drinker, un forte bevitore; a hard worker, un gran lavoratore; un lavoratore indefesso; a hard smoker, un fumatore accanito

6 duro; difficile; pieno di guai: hard life, vita dura; hard times, tempi difficili (o duri); ( di un prodotto) hard to sell, difficile a vendersi

7 duro; rigido; grintoso; tosto (fam.); severo: a hard father, un padre severo

8 duro; aspro; brusco; sgarbato: hard words, parole dure (o aspre); hard manners, modi bruschi (o sgarbati)

9 duro; inclemente; rigido: a very hard winter, un inverno assai duro (o molto rigido)

10 duro; crudele; insensibile: a man with a hard heart, un uomo dal cuore duro

11 duro; rigido; sgraziato: hard features, lineamenti duri

12 duro; aspro; sgradevole; brutto: a hard voice, una voce dura (o aspra); a hard story, una storia sgradevole; una brutta storia; hard light, luce sgradevole

13 fermo; deciso; secco: a hard denial, un secco diniego

14 forte; resistente; robusto: a hard breed, una razza forte

15 concreto; effettivo; reale: (leg. e fig.) hard evidence, prove concrete (pl.); prova concreta

16 (agric., chim., fon.) duro: hard wheat, grano duro; hard water, acqua dura; The letter «g» is hard in «go», la lettera «g» è dura in «go»

17 (ind. tess.) liscio; rasato

18 (econ., fin.) forte; pregiato; solido; sostenuto: hard currency, moneta (o valuta) forte; moneta (o valuta) pregiata

19 ( di colore) forte; vivace

20 ( di un nodo, ecc.) stretto

21 ( di droga) pesante

22 (chim.) persistente; non biodegradabile: hard detergent, detergente non biodegradabile

23 (elettr.) a vuoto spinto; ad alto vuoto: hard tube, tubo ad alto vuoto

B avv.

1 energicamente; forte, violentemente: It was raining hard, pioveva forte (o a dirotto); I hit him hard, lo colpii violentemente (o duro)

2 accanitamente; molto; sodo; troppo: to fight hard, battersi accanitamente; to study hard, studiare molto; to try hard, fare ogni sforzo; to try one's hardest, mettercela tutta; to work hard, lavorare sodo; to drink hard, bere troppo; to be hard at it (o at work) darci sotto; lavorare sodo

3 attentamente; intensamente: to listen hard (to sb.), ascoltare attentamente (q.); to think hard, pensare intensamente; riflettere profondamente

4 fissamente; fisso: to look (o to gaze, to stare) hard at sb., guardare fisso q.

5 duramente; gravemente; seriamente: I was hard hit by the slump, sono stato duramente colpito dalla recessione

6 con difficoltà; a fatica: to breathe hard, respirare a fatica

7 da presso; da vicino: to follow hard after (o behind) sb., seguire q. da presso (o da vicino)

C n.

1 (naut.) approdo dal fondo solido

2 strada rialzata ( dal fondo solido); sentiero solido ( attraverso una palude)

3 [u] ( slang) lavori forzati

4 (volg., di solito hard-on) erezione ( del pene)

● hard alcohol, alcol ad alta gradazione □ hard-and-fast, categorico, inderogabile, ferreo, rigido □ hard-and-fast rules, regole ferree □ (naut.) Hard aport!, tutto a sinistra! □ (fam. USA) a hard-ass, persona troppa ligia alle regole; tipo inquadrato (fig. fam.) □ (fam. USA) hard-assed, troppo ligio alle regole; inquadrato (fig. fam.) □ hard-baked, troppo cotto, duro ( per eccesso di cottura); (fig. fam.) duro, insensibile □ (naut.) hard beach, spiaggia di alaggio □ (fig.) hard-bitten, agguerrito, temprato; duro, indurito, insensibile □ hard-boiled, ( d'uovo) sodo; (fig.) duro, indurito, incallito, cinico; (fam.) concreto, pratico; ( di un film, ecc.) giallo, con scene di violenza □ hard-bought, acquistato (fig.: conseguito, ottenuto) a caro prezzo □ hard by, proprio vicino; vicinissimo (a) □ hard cash, (econ.) circolante; (fin.) denaro liquido; denaro contante; contanti: to demand hard cash, voler essere pagato in contanti □ hard coal, antracite □ (comput.) hard copy, copia cartacea; copia a stampa □ hard core, (pietrisco per) massicciata ( di strada); (fig.) nucleo intransigente, nucleo di irriducibili ( di un gruppo); (polit.) zoccolo duro (fig.); (mus.) hardcore □ hard-core, intransigente; irriducibile; duro; inflessibile; ( anche) cronico, incurabile; (mus.) hardcore; ( di pornografia) molto spinto, hard-core: hard-core opposition, opposizione irriducibile; (econ.) hard-core unemployment, disoccupazione cronica; a hard-core film, un film hard-core; un film pornografico spinto ( con scene di sesso non simulato) □ ( tennis) hard court, campo in terra battuta (o di cemento, ecc.) □ (comput.) hard disk ( drive) (abbr. HD/D/), hard disk; disco rigido □ to be hard done by, essere trattato male (o in modo ingiusto) □ hard drink, bevanda forte; superalcolico □ hard drinking, eccesso nel bere; alcolismo □ hard drug, droga pesante □ hard-earned, guadagnato con grande fatica (o col sudore della fronte): a hard-earned victory, una vittoria sudata □ hard-edged, ben delineato; risoluto □ (comput.) hard error, errore hardware □ the hard facts, i fatti incontrovertibili; la realtà nuda e cruda (fam.) □ hard-featured, dai lineamenti duri; ( di un viso) ruvido; grossolano (fig.) □ hard feelings, inimicizia; rancore: No hard feelings!, senza rancore!; amici come prima! □ hard-fisted, dalle mani forti; (fig.) duro, severo; ( anche) avaro, spilorcio, tirchio □ hard-fought, combattuto, sofferto; tirato (fam.): a hard-fought match, un incontro tirato □ hard freeze, gelo duro □ hard frost, freddo intenso, rigido □ (econ.) hard goods, beni di consumo durevoli □ hard going, faticoso; pesante (fig.) □ hard-handed, dalle mani incallite; (fig.) che ha la mano pesante, duro □ hard hat (o hard-hat), elmetto da edile; casco di protezione; (fam.) operaio edile, muratore; (fig. fam. USA) ultraconservatore, reazionario □ hard-head ► hardhead □ (fig.) to have a hard head, avere la testa dura; essere cocciuto □ hard-headed, pratico, realistico; accorto, avveduto; ( USA) caparbio, ostinato, testardo □ hard-hearted, dal cuore duro; insensibile; crudele □ hard-heartedness, insensibilità; crudeltà □ ( anche fig.) hard-hit, duramente colpito □ ( sport) a hard-hitter, uno che colpisce duro □ (di discorso, ecc.) hard-hitting, energico, vigoroso, incisivo; ( anche) che non usa giri di parole □ (metall.) hard iron, ferro magnetizzabile □ (leg., stor.) hard labour, lavori forzati ( aboliti in GB nel 1948) □ ( di corda, ecc.) hard-laid, strettamente intrecciato □ hard landing, (aeron.) atterraggio duro; (econ. fig.) atterraggio duro, brusca frenata □ (metall.) hard lead, piombo duro (o all'antimonio) □ (polit.) the hard left, l'estrema sinistra □ ( anche polit.) hard line, linea dura: to take a hard line, seguire la linea dura; non fare concessioni □ hard-line, duro, inflessibile, rigido, intransigente: a hard-line policy, una politica intransigente □ hard liner, chi segue la linea dura; (un) intransigente, irriducibile, integralista □ (fam.) hard lines = hard luck ► sotto □ hard liquor = hard drink ► sopra □ (fin.) hard loan, prestito in valuta forte; ( anche) prestito a tassi di mercato □ hard luck, sfortuna, malasorte; disdetta, scalogna (fam.): Hard luck!, che sfortuna!; che peccato! □ (fam.) a hard-luck story, una storia pietosa (o strappalacrime, fam.) □ a hard man, un duro □ (econ.) hard market, mercato stabile ( nel quale la domanda è alta e i prezzi sono elevati) □ hard money, (econ.) moneta metallica; (polit. USA) contributo diretto alla campagna elettorale di un candidato □ hard-mouthed, ( di cavallo) ribelle al morso; (fig.) indisciplinato, ribelle; testardo, ostinato □ (fam.) hard-nosed, concreto; pratico; realistico; duro □ (fam. fig.) hard nut, osso duro; brutto cliente □ (fam. fig.) a hard nut to crack, una bella gatta da pelare □ hard of hearing, duro d'orecchi; sordastro; che ci sente poco □ hard on, (avv.) = hard upon ► sotto □ (volg.) hard-on, erezione ( del pene); ( slang) to have a hard-on for st., fare una passione per qc.; avere la fregola di qc. (fig.) □ to be hard on, ( di persona) essere duro (o scortese, sgarbato, severo) con (q.); ( di persona) logorare in fretta, maltrattare ( abiti, scarpe, ecc.); ( di cosa) essere dannoso, fare male a: Don't be too hard on your son, non essere troppo duro (o severo) con tuo figlio!; Sitting at a computer all day is hard on the eyes, stare davanti al computer tutto il giorno fa male agli occhi □ to be hard on sb. 's heels, essere alle calcagna di q. □ ( sci) hard-packed snow, neve compatta; neve dura □ (anat.) hard palate, palato duro □ ( nella ceramica) hard paste, pasta dura, pasta compatta □ hard-paste porcelain, porcellana dura □ hard porn, pornografia spinta □ hard-pressed, inseguito da vicino, incalzato; (fig.) oberato, sovraccarico; in difficoltà, alle strette: to be hard-pressed for money, essere a corto di denaro □ to be hard put ( to it) to do st., trovarsi in imbarazzo (o in difficoltà) a fare qc. □ (polit.) the hard right, l'estrema destra □ (ind.) hard rubber, ebanite □ hard science, scienza «dura»; scienze «dure» ( fondate su metodi rigorosi e sperimentali) □ hard science-fiction, fantascienza «dura» ( verosimile sul piano scientifico) □ (market.) ( the) hard-sell, vendita aggressiva □ (market.) hard selling, tecnica di vendita aggressiva □ hard-set, fermo, fisso, ben saldo; ( di cemento, ecc.) indurito; (fig.: di lineamenti) duro, rigido; ( di persona) caparbio, ostinato □ (autom. GB) hard shoulder, corsia d'emergenza ( d'autostrada) □ (mil., miss.) hard site, rampa di lancio protetta □ hard sleep, sonno duro (o profondo) □ (metall.) hard solder, lega per brasatura (o per saldatura forte) □ (naut.) Hard starboard!, tutto a dritta! □ (fam.) the hard stuff, i superalcolici; ( anche) la droga pesante □ ( sport) a hard team to beat, la squadra da battere; un osso duro (fig.) □ hard to please, difficile da contentare; esigente □ hard-to-reach, difficile da raggiungere; di difficile accesso □ hard up, a corto di quattrini; al verde; ( anche) in fregola, eccitato; allupato (fam.) □ hard up for, a corto di, giù a (fam.): I'm hard up for ideas, sono a corto d'idee □ (lett.) hard upon, subito dopo; poco dopo □ hard wear, uso intenso ( d'abiti e sim.) □ ( d'abito e sim.) hard-wearing, robusto; resistente all'uso □ hard-wired ► hardwired □ ( anche mil. e sport) hard-won, contrastato; ottenuto a caro prezzo □ hard-working, laborioso, operoso □ (fig.) to be (as) hard as nails, essere forte, muscoloso; essere duro di cuore, insensibile □ (fig.) to come hard, essere dura: It comes hard to say goodbye, è dura dire addio □ to die hard, ( di un'abitudine e sim.) essere duro a morire; ( di una persona) vendere la pelle a caro prezzo □ to do st. the hard way, fare da sé, ma con fatica; imparare a fare qc. con la dura pratica □ to freeze hard, diventare solido per il gelo; gelare □ to get hard, indurirsi; solidificarsi □ (fam.) to give sb. a hard time, rendere la vita difficile a q.; fare soffrire q.; farla trovare lunga a q. (fam.) □ to go hard with sb., essere dura (o un duro colpo) per q. □ to have a hard time, passarsela male; essere nei guai □ to have a hard time doing st., avere difficoltà a fare qc., trovare duro fare qc. (fam.) □ to learn st. the hard way, imparare qc. a proprie spese □ (fam.) to play hard to get, farsi desiderare; fare il prezioso (fam.) □ to take st. hard, prendere male qc., essere sconvolto da qc. □ (pop. Austral. e NZ) to put the hard word on sb., chiedere soldi a q.; ( anche) fare un'avance sessuale a q.; ( anche) minacciare q. □ to take a ( long) hard look at st., esaminare qc. con calma; ponderare (su) qc. □ too hard to take, troppo forte; troppo scioccante; indigesto.

1) hart; stark, heftig [Regen]; gesichert [Beweis, Zahlen, Daten, Information]

2) (difficult) schwer; schwierig

3) (strenu-ous) hart; beschwerlich [Reise]; leidenschaftlich [Spieler]

4) (vigorous) heftig [Angriff, Schlag]; kräftig [Schlag, Stoß, Tritt]; (severe) streng [Winter]

5) (unfeeling) hart

1) (strenuously) hart [arbeiten, trainieren]; fleißig [lernen, studieren, üben]; genau [überlegen, beobachten]; scharf [nachdenken]; gut [aufpassen, zuhören, sich festhalten]

2) (vigorously) heftig; fest [schlagen, drücken, klopfen]

3) (severely, drastically) hart; streng [zensieren]

4)

5) hart [kochen]; fest [gefrieren [lassen]]

* * *

1) (firm; solid; not easy to break, scratch etc: The ground is too hard to dig.) hart

2) (not easy to do, learn, solve etc: Is English a hard language to learn?; He is a hard man to please.) schwer, schwierig

3) (not feeling or showing kindness: a hard master.) hart

4) ((of weather) severe: a hard winter.) streng

5) (having or causing suffering: a hard life; hard times.) hart

6) ((of water) containing many chemical salts and so not easily forming bubbles when soap is added: The water is hard in this part of the country.) hart

1) (with great effort: He works very hard; Think hard.) hart

2) (with great force; heavily: Don't hit him too hard; It was raining hard.) stark

3) (with great attention: He stared hard at the man.) anstarren

4) (to the full extent; completely: The car turned hard right.) sehr

•

- academic.ru/33648/harden">harden

* * *

[hɑ:d, AM hɑ:rd]

I. adj

1. (solid) hart

\hard cash Bargeld nt

\hard cheese Hartkäse m

\hard currency harte Währung

[as] \hard as iron [or a rock] [or stone] steinhart

2. (tough) person zäh, hart

he's a \hard one er ist ein ganz Harter

to be \hard enough to do sth das Zeug dazu haben, etw zu tun fam

3. (difficult) schwierig

she had a \hard time [of it] es war eine schwere Zeit für sie

it's \hard being a widow es ist nicht einfach, Witwe zu sein

if she won't listen, she'll have to learn the \hard way wer nicht hören will, muss fühlen

to be \hard to come by schwierig aufzutreiben sein

to do sth the \hard way sich dat etw schwermachen

to find sth \hard to believe [or swallow] etw kaum glauben können

to get \hard [or \harder] schwer [o schwerer] werden

it's \hard to say es ist schwer zu sagen

4. (laborious) anstrengend, mühevoll

the mountain there is a \hard climb der Berg dort ist schwer zu besteigen

a \hard fight ein harter Kampf a. fig

to give sth a \hard push etw kräftig anschieben

to be \hard work harte Arbeit sein; studies anstrengend [o schwer] sein; text schwer zu lesen sein, sich akk schwer lesen

to be a \hard worker fleißig sein

5. (severe) hart, unnachgiebig; voice schroff, barsch

she's finding the bad news \hard to take es fällt ihr schwer, die schlechte Nachricht zu verkraften

a \hard blow ein harter Schlag

a \hard heart ein hartes Herz

a \hard life ein hartes Leben

\hard luck [or esp BRIT lines]! ( fam)

\hard cheese! BRIT ( fam) [so ein fam] Pech!

that's your \hard luck! ( fam) das ist dein Pech! fam

to be [as] \hard as nails knallhart [o ein knallharter Typ] sein fam

a \hard taskmaster ein strenger Arbeitgeber

to give sb a \hard time jdm das Leben schwermachen

▪ to be \hard on sb/sth mit jdm/etw hart ins Gericht gehen

6. (harmful)

▪ to be \hard on sth etw stark strapazieren

I'm very \hard on shoes ich habe einen extrem hohen Schuhverschleiß

to be \hard on the eyes monitor die Augen überanstrengen

7. (unfortunate) hart

▪ to be \hard on sb hart für jdn sein

to go \hard with sb ( dated) jdm nur Nachteile bringen, jdm zum Nachteil gereichen geh

8. (extreme) hart

\hard frost/winter strenger Frost/Winter

the \hard left/right esp BRIT POL die harte Linke/Rechte

a \hard light ein grelles Licht

to take a \hard line eine harte Linie verfolgen

9. (reliable) sicher, fest

\hard facts (verified) gesicherte Fakten; (blunt) nackte Tatsachen

10. (potent) stark

\hard drinks/drugs harte Getränke/Drogen

a \hard drinker ein starker Trinker/eine starke Trinkerin

\hard drinking starker Alkoholkonsum

to be into [or to do] \hard drugs harte Drogen nehmen

11. (with lime)

\hard water hartes Wasser

12. (scrutinizing)

to take a [good] \hard look at sth sich dat etw genau ansehen, etw gründlich betrachten

13. TYPO

\hard copy (printout) Ausdruck m; (duplicate) Kopie f; (printed copy) Abzug m

14. LING

\hard consonant harter Konsonant

15. NUCL

\hard radiation harte Strahlung fachspr, Hartstrahlung f fachspr

▶ to be \hard at it ganz bei der Sache sein

▶ to drive a \hard bargain knallhart verhandeln [o usu pej feilschen] fam

▶ \hard and fast information, facts zuverlässig; rule verbindlich

▶ to be \hard on sb's heels jdm dicht auf den Fersen sein

II. adv

1. (solid) hart

boiled \hard hart gekocht

frozen \hard liquid hart gefroren; clothing, plants steif gefroren

to set \hard glue, varnish hart werden, aushärten fachspr; concrete, mortar fest werden, abbinden fachspr

2. (vigorously) fest[e], kräftig

think \hard! denk mal genau nach!

to not do sth very \hard etw nicht sehr gründlich tun

to exercise \hard hart trainieren

to fight \hard [for sth] ( fig) [um etw akk] hart kämpfen

to play \hard (intensely) ausgiebig spielen; (roughly) hart spielen

to press/pull \hard kräftig drücken/ziehen

to study \hard fleißig lernen

to try \hard to do sth sich akk sehr bemühen [o fam ranhalten], etw zu tun

to work \hard hart arbeiten

3. (severely) schwer

his parents took the news of his death \hard seine Eltern traf die Nachricht von seinem Tod schwer

to be \hard pressed [or pushed] [or put] to do sth große [o die größte] Mühe haben, etw zu tun

4. (closely) knapp

\hard by in nächster Nähe

\hard by sb/sth ganz in der Nähe einer Person/einer S. gen, ganz nahe von jdm/etw geh

to follow \hard [up]on [or after] [or behind] sb/sth jdm/etw knapp folgen, jdm/etw dicht auf den Fersen sein

5. (copiously)

it was raining \hard es regnete stark

6. ( fig: stubbornly)

to die \hard [nur] langsam sterben

the old idea of state ownership of all firms dies \hard die alte Vorstellung von einer Verstaatlichung aller Firmen stirbt einfach nicht aus

▶ to be \hard done by BRIT unfair behandelt werden

▶ old habits die \hard ( saying) der Mensch ist ein Gewohnheitstier

* * *

1. adj (+er)

1) (= not soft) hart

2) (= difficult) schwer, schwierig

3) (= strenuous, demanding) work, day, week hart, anstrengend

4) (= forceful) pull, tug, kick kräftig; blow, punch heftig

5) (= severe, tough) person, look, eyes, smile, voice, life hart; winter, frost streng, hart

6) (= harsh) light grell; sound hart

7) (= real, unquestionable) facts, information gesichert

8)

2. adv

1) (= with effort) work hart, schwer; run, drive sehr schnell; breathe schwer; study, play eifrig; (= carefully) listen, look genau, gut; think scharf, angestrengt; (= strongly, forcefully) push, pull kräftig, fest; laugh, scream, cry, beg sehr; rain, snow stark; blow kräftig

2)

3)

4)

* * *

hard [hɑː(r)d]

A adj

1. allg hart: → cheese¹

2. fest (Knoten)

3. schwer, schwierig:

a) mühsam, anstrengend:

hard work harte Arbeit;

it is quite hard work es ist ganz schön anstrengend ( doing zu tun);

hard to believe kaum zu glauben;

hard to please schwer zufriedenzustellen;

he is hard to please man kann es ihm nur schwer recht machen, er ist sehr anspruchsvoll;

hard to imagine schwer vorstellbar;

it is hard for me to accept this thesis es fällt mir schwer, diese These zu akzeptieren;

he made it hard for me to believe him er machte es mir schwer, ihm zu glauben; → graft² A 1, way¹ Bes Redew

b) schwer verständlich, schwer zu bewältigen(d):

hard problems schwierige Probleme

4. hart, zäh, widerstandsfähig:

in hard condition SPORT konditionsstark, fit;

a hard customer umg ein schwieriger Kunde, ein zäher Bursche; → nail Bes Redew

5. hart, angestrengt, intensiv (Studium etc)

6. fleißig, tüchtig:

he is a hard worker er ist enorm fleißig;

try one’s hardest sich alle Mühe geben

7. heftig, stark (Regen etc):

a hard blow ein harter Schlag, fig a. ein schwerer Schlag;

hard drinker starke(r) Trinker(in);

a hard service (Tennis) ein harter Aufschlag;

be hard on Kleidung, einen Teppich etc strapazieren;

be hard on the eyes die Augen anstrengen;

be hard on the legs in die Beine gehen

8. rau (Klima), streng (Frost), hart, streng (Winter)

9. hart, gefühllos, streng:

hard words harte Worte;

a) jemanden hart oder ungerecht behandeln,

b) jemandem hart zusetzen

10. hart, drückend:

it is hard on him es ist hart für ihn, es trifft ihn schwer;

be hard on the pocket kaum erschwinglich sein;

price increases are hardest on the pockets of the poor Preiserhöhungen treffen immer die Armen am meisten;

hard times schwere Zeiten;

a) Schlimmes durchmachen (müssen),

b) sich schwertun ( with mit);

have a hard time getting sth es schwer haben, etwas zu bekommen;

he had a hard time getting up early es fiel ihm schwer, früh aufzustehen;

give sb a hard time jemandem das Leben schwer machen

11. hart:

the hard facts die unumstößlichen oder nackten Tatsachen

12. nüchtern, kühl (überlegend), unsentimental:

a hard businessman ein kühler Geschäftsmann;

he has a hard head er denkt nüchtern

13. sauer, herb (Getränk)

14. hart (Droge), (Getränk auch) stark:

hard drink auch Harddrink m;

hard drug auch Harddrug f; → liquor A 1 a, → porn A

15. PHYS hart (Wasser etc):

hard tube Hochvakuumröhre f

16. AGR hart, Hart…:

17. WIRTSCH hoch und starr (Preise)

18. hart (Farben, Stimme)

19. PHON

a) hart, stimmlos

b) nicht palatalisiert

20. hard of hearing schwerhörig

21. hard up umg

a) in (Geld)Schwierigkeiten, schlecht bei Kasse,

b) in Verlegenheit ( for um)

B adv

1. hart, fest:

frozen hard hart gefroren

2. fig hart, schwer:

work hard;

brake hard scharf bremsen;

drink hard ein starker Trinker sein;

it will go hard with him es wird ihm schlecht ergehen;

a) jemandem einen harten oder heftigen Schlag versetzen,

b) fig ein harter oder schwerer Schlag für jemanden sein;

look hard at scharf ansehen;

be hard pressed, be hard put to it in schwerer Bedrängnis sein;

they are taking it very hard es ist ein schwerer Schlag für sie;

think hard scharf oder angestrengt nachdenken;

try hard sich große Mühe geben; → bear¹ B 4

3. schwer, mühsam: → die¹ A 1

4. nahe, dicht:

hard by ganz in der Nähe, nahe oder dicht dabei;

hard on ( oder after) gleich nach

5. hard aport SCHIFF hart Backbord

C s

1. Br festes Uferland

2. Br sl Zwangsarbeit f

3. get (have) a hard on vulg einen Ständer (eine Erektion) kriegen (haben)

* * *

1) hart; stark, heftig [Regen]; gesichert [Beweis, Zahlen, Daten, Information]

2) (difficult) schwer; schwierig

3) (strenu-ous) hart; beschwerlich [Reise]; leidenschaftlich [Spieler]

4) (vigorous) heftig [Angriff, Schlag]; kräftig [Schlag, Stoß, Tritt]; (severe) streng [Winter]

5) (unfeeling) hart

1) (strenuously) hart [arbeiten, trainieren]; fleißig [lernen, studieren, üben]; genau [überlegen, beobachten]; scharf [nachdenken]; gut [aufpassen, zuhören, sich festhalten]

2) (vigorously) heftig; fest [schlagen, drücken, klopfen]

3) (severely, drastically) hart; streng [zensieren]

4)

5) hart [kochen]; fest [gefrieren [lassen]]

* * *

hart (Wasser) adj.

hart adj.

heftig adj.

kalkhaltig adj.

schwer adj.

[hɑ:d, Am hɑ:rd] adj

1) (rigid, solid) hart;

\hard cheese Hartkäse m;

[as] \hard as iron [or a rock] [or stone] steinhart;

a \hard and fast rule eine verbindliche Regel;

the \hard left/ right ( esp Brit) pol die harte Linke/Rechte

2) (difficult, complex) schwierig;

she had a \hard time [of it] es war eine schwere Zeit für sie;

it's \hard being a widow es ist nicht einfach, Witwe zu sein;

if she won't listen, she'll have to learn the \hard way wer nicht hören will, muss fühlen;

to be \hard to come by schwierig aufzutreiben sein;

to do sth the \hard way sich dat etw schwer machen;

to find sth \hard to believe [or swallow] etw kaum glauben können;

to get \hard [or \harder] schwer [o schwerer] werden;

it's \hard to say es ist schwer zu sagen

3) ( requiring much effort) anstrengend, mühevoll;

the mountain there is a \hard climb der Berg dort ist schwer zu besteigen;

a \hard fight ein harter Kampf (a. fig)

to give sth a \hard push etw kräftig anschieben;

to be \hard work harte Arbeit sein;

to be a \hard worker fleißig sein

4) (severe, unpleasant) hart, unnachgiebig; tone of voice schroff, barsch;

she's finding the bad news \hard to take es fällt ihr schwer, die schlechte Nachricht zu verkraften;

a \hard blow ein harter Schlag;

a \hard heart ein hartes Herz;

\hard luck [or ( esp Brit) lines] [or ( Brit) (dated) ( fam) cheese] ! [so ein] Pech!;

that's your \hard luck! das ist dein Pech!;

to be [as] \hard as nails knallhart [o ein knallharter Typ] sein ( fam)

a \hard taskmaster ein strenger Arbeitgeber;

to give sb a \hard time jdm das Leben schwer machen;

to be \hard on sb/ sth mit jdm/etw hart ins Gericht gehen

5) ( causing harm)

to be \hard on sth etw stark strapazieren;

I'm very \hard on shoes ich habe einen extrem hohen Schuhverschleiß

6) (problematic, unfortunate) hart;

to be \hard on sb hart für jdn sein

7) ( extremely cold)

\hard frost/ winter strenger Frost/Winter

8) (demonstrable, solid) sicher, fest;

\hard facts ( verified) gesicherte Fakten;

( brutally honest) nackte Tatsachen;

\hard and fast information [or facts] zuverlässige Informationen fpl

9) ( strong) stark;

\hard drinks/ drugs harte Getränke/Drogen;

a \hard drinker ein starker Trinker/eine starke Trinkerin;

\hard drinking starker Alkoholkonsum;

to be into \hard drugs harte Drogen nehmen

10) ( containing much lime)

\hard water hartes Wasser

11) ( scrutinizing)

to take a [good] \hard look at sth sich dat etw genau ansehen, etw gründlich betrachten

to drive a \hard bargain knallhart verhandeln [o feilschen];

to be \hard on sb's heels jdm dicht auf den Fersen sein adv

1) (solid, rigid) hart;

boiled \hard hart gekocht;

frozen \hard hart gefroren;

( sth moving) steif gefroren

2) ( vigorously) fest[e], kräftig;

think \hard! denk mal genau nach!;

to exercise \hard hart trainieren;

to fight \hard [for sth] ( fig) [um etw akk] hart kämpfen;

to play \hard ausgiebig spielen;

to press/pull \hard kräftig drücken/ziehen;

to study \hard fleißig lernen;

to try \hard to do sth sich akk sehr bemühen [o ( fam) ranhalten], etw zu tun;

to work \hard hart arbeiten;

to not do sth very \hard etw nicht sehr gründlich tun;

to be \hard at it ganz bei der Sache sein

3) (painfully, severely) schwer;

his parents took the news of his death \hard seine Eltern traf die Nachricht von seinem Tod schwer;

to be \hard pressed [or pushed] to do sth große [o die größte] Mühe haben, etw zu tun

4) ( closely) knapp;

to follow \hard [up]on [or after] [or behind] sb/ sth jdm/etw knapp folgen, jdm/etw dicht auf den Fersen sein

5) (heavy, driving)

it was raining \hard es regnete stark;

6) (fig: survive usefulness)

to die \hard [nur] langsam sterben;

the old idea of state ownership of all firms dies \hard die alte Vorstellung von einer Verstaatlichung aller Firmen stirbt einfach nicht aus

old habits die \hard (die \hard) der Mensch ist ein Gewohnheitstier

1) (the back part of the foot: I have a blister on my heel.) talón

2) (the part of a sock etc that covers this part of the foot: I have a hole in the heel of my sock.) talón

3) (the part of a shoe, boot etc under or round the heel of the foot: The heel has come off this shoe.) tacón

1) (to put a heel on (a shoe etc).) poner un tacón

2) ((usually with over) (of ships) to lean to one side: The boat heeled over in the strong wind.) inclinar; zozobrar, escorar

•

- - heeled

heel n

1. talón

2. tacón

tr[hiːl]

noun

1 SMALLANATOMY/SMALL talón nombre masculino

2 (on shoe) tacón nombre masculino; (of sock) talón nombre masculino

transitive verb

1 poner tacón a

2 (in rugby) talonear

3 SMALLMARITIME/SMALL inclinar

intransitive verb

1 SMALLMARITIME/SMALL escorar

\

to bring somebody to heel controlar a alguien, meter a alguien en cintura

to dig one's heels in ser tozudo,-a

to be down at heel ir mal vestido,-a, estar desaseado,-a

to be head over heels in love estar locamente enamorado,-a

to take to one's heels darse a la fuga, salir pitando

to be on somebody's heels pisarle a alguien los talones

to kick one's heels matar el tiempo

under the heel of bajo el control férreo de

heel bar establecimiento donde se repara el calzado en el acto

high heels zapatos nombre masculino plural de tacón alto

tr[hiːl]

transitive verb

1 SMALLMARITIME/SMALL inclinar

intransitive verb

1 SMALLMARITIME/SMALL escorar

heel ['hi:l] vi

: inclinarse

heel n

: talón m (del pie), tacón m (de calzado)

• calcañal s.m.

• parte inferior s.m.

• parte trasera s.f.

• restos s.m.pl.

• sinvergüenza s.f.

• taco s.m.

• tacón s.m.

• talón s.m.

• zancajo s.m.

1)

a) ( Anat) talón m

b) ( of shoe) tacón m, taco m (CS)

c) ( of hosiery) talón m

2) ( contemptible person) (colloq) canalla m

transitive verb \<\<shoes\>\> ponerles* tacones or (CS) tacos nuevos a; \<\<high-heeled shoes\>\> ponerles* tapas or (Chi) tapillas a

1. N

1) (Anat) talón m

- be at or on sb's heels

- bring sb to heel

- cool one's heels

- dig in one's heels

- drag one's heels

- follow hard on sb's heels

- be hot on sb's heels

- kick one's heels

- show sb a clean pair of heels

- take to one's heels

- be under the heel of

2) [of sock] talón m; [of shoe] tacón m

- be down at heel

3) † * (=person) sinvergüenza mf, canalla mf

2. VT

1) [+ shoe] poner tapas a; well-heeled

2) [+ ball] taconear, dar de tacón a

[hiːl]

* * *

1)

a) ( Anat) talón m

b) ( of shoe) tacón m, taco m (CS)

c) ( of hosiery) talón m

2) ( contemptible person) (colloq) canalla m

transitive verb \<\<shoes\>\> ponerles* tacones or (CS) tacos nuevos a; \<\<high-heeled shoes\>\> ponerles* tapas or (Chi) tapillas a

nome (of foot, sock) tallone m., calcagno m.; (of shoe) tacco m.

••

verbo intransitivo heel over

- heel over

* * *

1) (the back part of the foot: I have a blister on my heel.) calcagno, tallone

2) (the part of a sock etc that covers this part of the foot: I have a hole in the heel of my sock.) calcagno

3) (the part of a shoe, boot etc under or round the heel of the foot: The heel has come off this shoe.) tacco

1) (to put a heel on (a shoe etc).) rifare/mettere i tacchi

2) ((usually with over) (of ships) to lean to one side: The boat heeled over in the strong wind.) ingavonarsi

•

- - heeled

* * *

1. n

1) (of foot, sock) tallone m, calcagno, (of shoe) tacco

2) (fam: person) carogna

2. vt

(shoe) fare or rifare i tacchi a, (ball) colpire di tacco

(also: heel over) (ship, truck) inclinarsi (pericolosamente)

* * *

1 (anat.) calcagno ( anche di calza o calzino); tallone: (fig.) Achilles' heel, il tallone di Achille; (fig.) the iron heel, il tallone di ferro

2 tacco ( di scarpa o d'arnese); fondo: spiked (o stiletto) heels, tacchi a spillo; to wear ( high) heels, portare le scarpe coi tacchi (alti); portare i tacchi

3 (mil.) poggiaguancia ( di fucile)

4 (zool.) garretto ( di cavallo)

5 (zool.) sperone ( di uccello)

6 (fam.) piede: to be hung by one's heels, essere appeso per i piedi

7 (fam.) cantuccio ( di pane)

8 (naut.) calcagnolo; piede d'albero; rabazza

9 ( di ricevuta) madre; matrice

10 (agric.) tallone ( dell'aratro)

11 ( rugby) tallonata; tallonaggio

12 ( slang) zampa di dietro

13 ( slang, antiq.) canaglia; mascalzone

● heel bar, chiosco (o negozietto o banco) per la riparazione immediata delle scarpe □ (fam.) heel bone, calcagno □ heel-lift, soprattacco ( di scarpa) □ heel plate, salvatacco □ (edil.) heel post, stipite ( di porta) □ at sb. 's heels, alle calcagna di q. □ to bring sb. to heel, ridurre q. all'obbedienza; mettere q. in riga; riportare q. all'ordine □ to come to heel, ( d'un cane) correre dal padrone, obbedire al richiamo del padrone; (fig.) obbedire, mettersi in riga, rientrare nei ranghi: ( a un cane) ( Come to) heel!, al piede! □ ( anche fig.) to dig one's heels in, puntare i piedi □ down-at-heel, ( di scarpa) scalcagnata; (fig.) scalcagnato, male in arnese □ to kick up one's heels, (fam.) spassarsela, darsi alla pazza gioia □ (fig.) to lay sb. by the heels, imprigionare q.; incarcerare q. □ on sb. 's heels, alle calcagna di q. □ to spin on one's heel = to turn on one's heel ► sotto □ to take to one's heels (o to show a clean pair of heels), darsela a gambe; scappare □ to turn on one's heel, girare i tacchi □ (fig.) to be under the heel of sb., essere sotto il tallone (o il dominio) di q.

n. (naut.)

1 (= heeling) sbandamento, ingavonamento

2 inclinazione laterale ( di nave sbandata).

A v. t.

1 fare (o mettere, rifare) i tacchi

2 stare alle calcagna di; inseguire da presso; tallonare

3 ( sport) colpire di tacco ( il pallone)

4 ( rugby) tallonare

5 armare di speroni ( galli da combattimento)

6 ( slang USA) fornire (q. d'armi, denaro, ecc.)

B v. i.

1 ( di cane) stare alle calcagna del padrone

2 ballare di tacco.

A v. t.

(naut.) far sbandare, far ingavonare ( una nave)

B v. i.

( di nave; spesso to heel over) sbandare; ingavonarsi.

* * *

nome (of foot, sock) tallone m., calcagno m.; (of shoe) tacco m.

••

verbo intransitivo heel over

- heel over

heel [hi:l]

1. noun

• high heels talons mpl hauts

• at sb's heels sur les talons de qn

• to be hot on sb's heels marcher sur les talons de qn

• this meeting follows hot on the heels of last month's talks cette réunion arrive juste après les négociations du mois dernier

• to take to one's heels prendre ses jambes à son cou

• under the heel of sous la botte de

• heel! (to dog) au pied !

• to bring sb to heel rappeler qn à l'ordre

2. transitive verb

[+ shoes] refaire un talon à

3. compounds

► heel-bar noun talon-minute m

* * *

noun (of foot, shoe, sock) talon m

heels plural noun (also high heels) chaussures fpl à (hauts) talons

••

heel

A n

1 Anat ( of foot) talon m ; to turn on one's heel tourner les talons ; a puppy at his heel(s) un chiot sur ses talons ; to bring a dog to heel rappeler un chien ; ‘heel boy!’ ‘au pied!’ ; to bring [sb] to heel fig mater [rebel] ; mettre [qn] au pas [dissident, child, employee] ; to come to heel [dog] venir au pied ; [person] fig se soumettre ;